Interoperability between components of different manufacturers was not possible. The initiative aims to define open standards between the various components of radio access networks. The OpenRAN initiative (shorthand for Open Radio Access Network) was started by the O-Ran Alliance, a worldwide community of mobile operators, vendors, and research and academic institutions.
In fact, the majority of software and hardware components in and around a cell tower are still closed source, which of course has some drawbacks. While you may have a basic understanding of how networking works locally, this knowledge stops when you plug a SIM card into your smartphone in order to make a connection with a cell tower possible. While your smartphone may be running an open source operating system (Android) and the server you try to access is probably running Linux, there's a lot of proprietary technology in between to make the connection happen. A RAN is provided by your cellular provider, and it handles wireless connections between your smartphone and your communication provider. If you own and use a smartphone capable of connecting to arbitrary computers all over the world, then you are a user of Radio Access Networks (RAN).
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